MAGED4B Promotes Glioma Progression via Inactivation of the TNF-α-induced Apoptotic Pathway by Down-regulating TRIM27 Expression / 神经科学通报·英文版

MAGED4B belongs to the melanoma-associated antigen family; originally found in melanoma, it is expressed in various types of cancer, and is especially enriched in glioblastoma. However, the functional role and molecular mechanisms of MAGED4B in glioma are still unclear. In this study, we found that the MAGED4B level was higher in glioma tissue than that in non-cancer tissue, and the level was positively correlated with glioma grade, tumor diameter, Ki-67 level, and patient age. The patients with higher levels had a worse prognosis than those with lower MAGED4B levels. In glioma cells, MAGED4B overexpression promoted proliferation, invasion, and migration, as well as decreasing apoptosis and the chemosensitivity to cisplatin and temozolomide. On the contrary, MAGED4B knockdown in glioma cells inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration, as well as increasing apoptosis and the chemosensitivity to cisplatin and temozolomide. MAGED4B knockdown also inhibited the growth of gliomas implanted into the rat brain. The interaction between MAGED4B and tripartite motif-containing 27 (TRIM27) in glioma cells was detected by co-immunoprecipitation assay, which showed that MAGED4B was co-localized with TRIM27. In addition, MAGED4B overexpression down-regulated the TRIM27 protein level, and this was blocked by carbobenzoxyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine (MG132), an inhibitor of the proteasome. On the contrary, MAGED4B knockdown up-regulated the TRIM27 level. Furthermore, MAGED4B overexpression increased TRIM27 ubiquitination in the presence of MG132. Accordingly, MAGED4B down-regulated the protein levels of genes downstream of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) involved in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced apoptotic pathway. These findings indicate that MAGED4B promotes glioma growth via a TRIM27/USP7/receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIP1)-dependent TNF-α-induced apoptotic pathway, which suggests that MAGED4B is a potential target for glioma diagnosis and treatment.

Research progress in detection and clinical significance of three envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus / 中华检验医学杂志

The pre-S/S gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV) can encode for the production of large, medium and small surface protein. Different protein expression levels and their composition ratios have certain influences on the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of HBV infection. It is of great significance to clarify the functions of large, medium and small surface protein as serum markers and to explore their value in the diagnosis and treatment of HBV infection. In this paper, the expression status, detection methods and clinical significance of the three HBV proteins were reviewed.

Independent risk factors related to acute respiratory distress syndrome after acute type A aortic dissection surgery: A retrospective analysis / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To investigate the independent risk factors associated with postoperative acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients undergoing type A aortic dissection surgery. Methods    The clinical data of 147 patients who underwent acute type A aortic dissection surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from 2015 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 110 males at age of 51.9±10.1 years and 37 females at age of 54.3±11.1 years. According to whether the patients developed ARDS after surgery, all of the patients were divided into a ARDS group or a non-ARDS group. Logistic regress analysis was utilized to establish the predictive mode to identify the independent risk factors related to ARDS. Results    Of the patients, 25 developed postoperative ARDS. Among them, 5 patients were mild ARDS, 13 patients were moderate, and 7 patients were severe ARDS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that deep hypothermic circulatory arrest time [odds ratio (OR)=1.067, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.014-1.124, P=0.013], cardiopulmonary bypass time (OR=1.012, 95%CI 1.001-1.022, P=0.027) and perioperative plasma input (OR=1.001, 95%CI 1.000-1.002, P=0.011) were independently associated with ARDS in patients undergoing acute A aortic dissection surgery. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated a good discrimination ability of the logistic regression model, with an area under the curve of 0.835 (95%CI 0.740-0.929, P=0.000). Conclusion    Duration of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, cardiopulmonary bypass time and perioperative plasma are independent risk factors for postoperative ARDS in patients undergoing type A aortic dissection surgery.

Application of PCR technique in etiological diagnosis of children with enterovirus and herpesvirus encephalitis / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To examine the infection of the enterovirus and human herpes virus in children with suspected encephalitis.Methods:A total number of 365 suspected encephalitis cases were included in this study from August 2017 to December 2019 in Hunan Children′s Hospital. The clinical samples, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, sputum, stool and urine were collected and preserved at-80 ℃condition. The enterovirus (EV) and human herpesvirus (HHV) were examined by a one-step nested reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR) and a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR), respectively. The positive rate of the two viruses in clinical specimens of children with suspected encephalitis was examined. Among all cases, 132 cases were diagnosed with EV encephalitis or HHV encephalitis.Results:the EV encephalitis were identified in 20.5% (75/365) children with suspected viral encephalitis; whereas HHV encephalitis infection was identified as 15.6% (57/365). Among the 75 cases of EV encephalitis, echo 6 was the main sub-type of these diseases 52.0% (39/75) and others were EV71 (30.7%, 23/75), echo11 (6.7%, 5/75), Coxsackie virus A group 6(CA6, 4.0%, 3/75), echo30 (1.3%, 1/75), echo9 (1.3%, 1/75), echo4 (1.3%, 1/75),Coxsackie virus B group 1(CB1, 1.3%, 1/75))and poliovirus(1.3%, 1/75).Human herpes virus type 6 (HHV6) was the most common pathogen in 57 cases of HHV encephalitis, accounting for 35.1% (20/57).The other pathogens were Cytomegalovirus (CMV, 31.6%, 18/57), Epstein-Barr virus (8.8%, 7/57), Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1, 10.5%, 6/57), HSV2 (8.8%, 5/57), and Varicella zoster virus (VZV, 1.8%, 1/57) .The virus in CSF detected significantly earlier than that in serum after onset. Virus could be detected in CSF 2-7 days after onset,but 7-26 days in serum. Conclusions:This study uses nested PCR and qPCR to detect pathogens in clinical specimens of children. This not only expands our understanding of the clinical examination and diagnosis of viral encephalitis in children, but also promotes the method of this study to benefit more children.

Robotic versus sternotomy approach for closure of atrial septal defect / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To compare the short-term outcomes of surgical repair for atrial septal defect (ASD) with a robotic (da Vinci Si) approach versus a conventional open procedure. Methods    Clinical data of 140 patients undergoing ASD closure in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2016 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a robotic group and a sternotomy group according to different surgical methods. In the robotic group, there were 67 patients including 20 males and 47 females at a median age of 40.0 (25.0) years, and in the sternotomy group there were 73 patients including 23 males and 50 females at a median age of 41.0 (29.0) years. Multivariate linear regressions were used to produce risk-adjusted analysis of pertinent clinical characteristics. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare the speed of sternotomy versus robotic group returning to exercise or daily life. Results    Robotic-assisted surgery was associated with significantly shorter 24 h postoperative drainage volume [220.0 (210.0) mL vs. 345.0 (265.0) mL, P<0.001], mechanical ventilation [6.0 (11.0) h vs. 8.0 (11.0) h, P=0.024], intensive care unit length of stay (LOS) [19.0 (19.0) h vs. 22.0 (25.0) h, P=0.005], postoperative hospital LOS [9.0 (5.0) d vs. 10.0(6.0) d, P=0.003], and a lower rate of perioperative blood transfusion (28.36% vs. 84.93%, P<0.001). After controlling for patient comorbidity in the multiple regression model, there remained a trend toward decreased 24 h postoperative drainage volume (β=–115.30, 95%CI–170.78 to –59.82, P<0.001), mechanical ventilation (β=–4.96, 95%CI –8.33 to –1.59, P=0.004) and postoperative hospital LOS (β=–2.31, 95%CI –3.98 to –0.63, P=0.007) in the robotic group. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients returned to exercise or daily life earlier in the robotic group [35.0 (32.0) d vs. 90.0 (75.0) d, P<0.001]. Conclusion    Closure of ASD can be performed safely and effectively via robotic approach. And the minimally invasive technique is beneficial to postoperative recovery.

Immunogenicity of Whole / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objectives@#To evaluate the immunogenicity of @*Methods@#Protein extracts from @*Results@#Immunization with @*Conclusion@#This is the advanced study to investigate the immunogenicity of

Scientific publication management during the public health pandemic: Case analysis of the studies involving COVID-19 pregnant women / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:Based on the analysis of case report and case series studies involving COVID-19 pregnant women in China, we aimed to discuss the updated management requirements for publication of scientific papers at hospitals in the new circumstances and context.Methods:The case report and case series studies published by domestic scholars in the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak were retrieved. Bibliometrics were used to analyze the research time, research content and research objects of the included literatures.Results:Nearly 200 cases (55%) of the 360 cases of COVID-19 pregnant women could not be clearly excluded from the possibility of repeated reporting. However, all these cases were not disclosed in the paper for possible repeated report.Conclusions:Potential repeated report problem may cause trouble for later meta-analysis, which also may have negative impact for the development of clinical guidelines. The departments of scientific research management at hospital should pay more attention to the management of patient′s data in scientific papers, so that it can better serve the accurate assessment of disease characteristics and epidemic situation, as well as the scientific formulation of clinical guidelines and control strategies.

Laboratory diagnosis of HBV infection: present and future / 中华检验医学杂志

At present, the situation of prevention and treatment of hepatitis B(HBV) infection in China is still serious. Factors affecting the course and outcome of HBV infection mainly include virus and hosts. While exploring the new clinical significance of HBV infection classic diagnostic indicators such as hepatitis B sunface antigen, hepatitis B core antibody and HBV DNA, more attention should be paid to the application value and prospect of new indicators such as HBV RNA and hepatitis B core-related antigen. With the proposing of the omics concept and the development of technology, people begin to focus on HBV infection with the concept of omics and integrate genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, etc., to achieve the goal of accurate diagnosis.

Immunological Evaluation of a Novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigen Rv0674 / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to characterize the diagnostic and vaccine potential of a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen Rv0674.@*METHODS@#To evaluate the diagnostic potential and antigenicity of Rv0674, IgG was evaluated using ELISA and interferon (IFN)-γ was done by using ELISpot assay among TB patients and healthy donors. For immunogenicity evaluation, BALB/c mice were immunized with Rv0674. Cytokine production was determined by cytokine release assay using an ELISA kit, and the antibodies were tested using ELISA.@*RESULTS@#The results of serum Elisa tests showed that Rv0674 specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response was higher in TB patients than negative controls. And Rv0674 had good performance in serological test with sensitivity and specificity of 77.1% and 81.1%, respectively. While it shows poor sensitivity and specificity of 26.23% and 79.69% for IFN-γ tests. In BALB/c mice, Rv0674 adjuvant by DDA/Poly I:C could also induce a high level of IFN-γ, interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 as well as a high IgG titer in both high- and low-dose groups indicating that Rv0674 is essential in humoral and cellular immunity. Moreover, the cytokine profile and IgG isotype characterized Rv0674 as a Th1/Th2-mixed-type protective immunity with the predominance of Th1 cytokines.@*CONCLUSION@#Rv0674 may be a good potential candidate for the development of TB serological diagnosis and a new TB vaccine.

Expression of saponin biosynthesis related genes in different tissues of / 中国中药杂志

The relationship between saponin content of in different parts of the organization and expression of ginsenoside biosynthesis related gene was obtained by the correlation analysis between saponin content and gene expression. The 14 tissue parts of were studied, six saponins in Samples (ginsenoside Rg₁, Re, Rb₁, Rc, Rb₂ and Rd), group saponins and total saponins were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and vanillin-sulfuric acid colorimetric method. Simultaneously, the expression levels of 7 ginsenoside biosynthesis related genes ( and ) in different tissues of were determined by Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Although 7 kinds of ginsenoside biosynthesis related enzyme gene in the involved in ginsenoside synthesis, the expression of and P450 genes had no significant effect on the content of monosodium saponins, grouping saponins and total saponins, and had significant or extremely significant on the contents of single saponins Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rd, group saponin PPD and PPT, total saponin TMS and total saponin TS (<0.05 or <0.01). The biosynthesis of partial saponins, grouping saponins and total saponins in was affected by the interaction of multiple enzyme genes in the saponin synthesis pathway, the content of saponins in different tissues of was determined by the differences in the expression of key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, this study further clarified that and was the key enzyme to control the synthesis of saponins in by correlation analysis, the biosynthesis of ginsenosides in was regulated by these five kind of enzymes in cluster co-expression of interaction mode.

SIRT1 participates in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of EC-9706 and Eca-109 cells by regulating Snail expression / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the role of SIRT1 in the occurrence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in EC-9706 and Eca-109 cells and the possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#Three chemically synthesized siRNA targeting SIRT1 were transfected into EC-9706 and Eca-109 cells with the non-transfected cells and cells transfected with the negative siRNAs as controls. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of SIRT1, E-cadherin, vimentin, Snail, Twist1 and ZEB in the cells. Transwell invasion assay and wounding healing assay were used to examine the changes in the invasion and metastasis abilities of the cells after transfection.@*RESULTS@#EC-9706 and Eca-109 cells transfected with SIRT1 siRNA1 and SIRT1 siRNA3 showed significantly decreased mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1 ( < 0.05). Transwell invasion assay and wounding healing assay showed that transfection with SIRT1 siRNA1 and SIRT1 siRNA3 caused significantly lowered invasion and metastasis abilities in EC-9706 and Eca-109 cells ( < 0.05). In EC-9706 and Eca-109 cells transfected with SIRT1 siRNA1 and SIRT1 siRNA3, the expression level of E-cadherin was significantly increased while the expressions of vimentin, Snail and Twist were significantly lowered ( < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#SIRT1 participates in the invasion and metastasis of EC-9706 and Eca- 109 cells probably by inducing EMT via regulating the expression of Snail.

Advances of clinical trials of metformin in antitumor therapy / 中国肿瘤临床

Metformin is one of the most widely used oral hypoglycemic drugs. Multiple studies have shown that metformin exhibits pleiotropic effects other than hypoglycemic effects, such as cardioprotective effects, improvements in the blood lipid profile, and possi-bly anticancer effects. Epidemiological data also show a reduction in cancer morbidity and mortality in patients treated with metfor-min. As research has progressed, metformin has attracted more attention as a potential and attractive adjuvant anticancer drug. Clini-cal trials on the mechanism and efficacy of metformin have been conducted in different cancers. With publication of the results of more clinical trials , the effects of metformin combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular targeted drugs, or immunothera-py, and its effects on certain metabolic molecules will be verified. This could provide more definitive evidence of the benefits of met-formin in combination with cancer therapy and facilitate the clinical application of metformin as an adjunctive anticancer agent.

Influence of Bushen Yisui Decoction on Homocysteine and Symptoms of Vascular Dementia Patients with Various Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Genotypes / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the influence of Bushen Yisui Decoction on homocysteine (Hcy) level and clinical symptoms of vascular dementia (VD) patients with various methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) genotypes. Methods Kidney-essence deficiency VD patients were classified into TT(mutant) group, CT(hybrid) group, and CC(wild) group according to their MTHFR genotypes, 25 cases in each group. The patients in the 3 groups were given Bushen Yisui Decoction on the basis of treatment for underlying diseases, and the course of treatment covered 3 months. Before and after treatment, plasma Hcy level was detected, and the scores of clinical symptoms were evaluated with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). After treatment, the therapeutic effect on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndromes in the 3 groups was evaluated with the Scale for the Differentiation of Syndromes of Vascular Dementia (SDSVD). Results (1) After treatment, plasma Hcy level in the 3 groups was decreased(P<0.05 compared with that before treatment), and the effect on decreasing Hcy level in TT group was stronger than that in CT group and CC group, the inter-group difference of Hcy difference before and after treatment was significant(P<0.05).(2) After treatment, the mean MMSE scores in the 3 groups were increased (P < 0 . 05 compared with those before treatment), and the effect on increasing MMSE scores in TT group showed a trend of being stronger than that in CT group and CC group, but the difference was insignificant (P>0.05). (3)After treatment, the total effective rate on TCM syndromes in TT group, CT group, and CC group was 76.0％, 64.0％, 68.0％ respectively, and the effective rate in TT group was higher than that in CT group and CC group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Bushen Yisui Decoction is effective on decreasing plasma Hcy level and relieving clinical symptoms of VD patients with various MTHFR genotypes, and is more effective for VD patients with TT mutant genotype.

Application value of detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific IgG/IgM antibodies for tuberculosis diagnosis with colloidal gold immunochromatography assay / 中国人兽共患病学报

In this study,we estimated the application value of detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) specific IgG/IgM antibodies for tuberculosis diagnosis with colloidal gold immunochromatography assay (GICA).We collected 332 effective serum samples and their background information,including 260 patients with tuberculosis and 72 healthy individuals.The means of GICA was used to detect MTB specific IgG/IgM antibodies.Results were compared with the clinical diagnosis and the results of bacteriological tests.The SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the results,and when P＜0.05 the difference was statistically significant.The sensitivity and specificity of GICA were 41.15％ and 91.67％,and the sensitivity of the bacterial positive and negative patients were 51.38％ and 33.77％,respectively.The positive rate of IgG/IgM antibodies detection with GICA (41.15％) was much higher than that of bacteria with acid-fast stain of sputum smear (18.84％) and sputum bacteria cultivation (36.15 ％) (P ＜ 0.05) respectively.The positive rate of the combination of tuberculosis antibody detection,sputum bacterial culture and sputum smear was 61.54％,higher than the result of single method or combination of two methods.The detection of specific antibodies against MTB in serum with GICA is sensitive,specific,rapid and convenient,which can be used in clinical screening.Meanwhile,there are still certain limitations of this method,and the sensitivity and specificity need to be improved.Therefore,the GICA can be used as an auxiliary diagnosis combined with sputum bacteriology,imaging test and clinical features rather than diagnose tuberculosis alone.

Evaluation of Double Antigen Sandwich Time-resolved Fluoroimmunoassay for Specific Total Antibodies to Treponema Pallidum / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluation the performance of double antigen sandwich time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay(TRFIA)for specific total antibody to Treponema pallidum (TP).Methods Specific total antibody to TP was detected by a double antigen TRFIA based on recombinant multi epitope chimeric antigen.The methodological precision,low limit of detection,accuracy,linearity,reference standard coincidence rate and other analytical performance indicators were evaluated,and clinical comparison research trials were completed.The x2 test was used for the difference between two methods results,the P ＜0.05 which represents the difference was statistically significant.Results The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of var iation (CV) were both less than 10％ respectively.The low limit of detection was 0.05 mIU/ml.The relative deviation of de tecting the national standard was not exceed 10％.The linear range was 1.50～ 155.00 mIU/ml and the linear correlation co efficient could be reached 0.999 9.The performance of detection national reference could meet the national accreditation requirements.The consistent rate was 100 ％ when the TRFIA methodology detected the standardized serum plate.The parallel test of TRFIA and treponema pallidum gelatin agglutination test (TPPA) were completed,the total coincidence rate was 99.56％,and the Kappa index was 0.990 6.Conclusion Their result showed that the TRFIA methodology is high sensitivity,accuracy,wide linear range,and highly clinical coincidence rate,which is valuable for clinical application.

The genetic polymorphism of CYP7A1 in Fujian Han HBV infected patients / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective The study aims to investigate the associationbetweencholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) gene polymorphism and different clinical outcomes after Hepatitis B virus (HBV)infection in Fujian Han population and lay a foundation for understanding the mechanisms of genesis anddevelopment of HBV-related diseases.Methods Case-control study was conducted.586 patients of HBVpersistent infection without antiviral therapy and 225 HBV rehabilitation patients (35-55 years old) werecollected from May 2015 to June 2016 in the Liverish Center of First Clinical College of Fujian MedicalUniversity.The group of HBV persistent infection without antiviral therapy included 246 patients with chronichepatitis B, 177 patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis, and 163 patients with hepatitis B-related liver cancer.The rs3824260, rs4738687and rs8192871 loci of CYP7A1 gene were detected by improved multipleligase detection reaction (iMLDR).Logistic regression analysis and chi-square test were used to analyze thegenotyping results.Results Three SNPs ( single nucleotide polymorphisms ) of CYP7A1 gene wereselected and compared between HBV persistent infection group and HBV rehabilitation group and betweenchronic hepatitis B subgroup, liver cirrhosis subgroup and liver cancer subgroup.After adjustment for factorsincluding age andgender, there was no significant difference in the distribution of rs3824260 genotype amongthe groups(χ2 =1.565,P =0.459), however,the frequency of allele C in HBV rehabilitation group wassignificantly higher than in HBV persistent in fectiongroup for men (χ2 =4.365,P =0.037), whereas thefrequency of rs3824260 CC and CT was more likely to be observed in liver cancer group than in non -livercancer group (chronic hepatitis B subgroup and liver cirrhosis subgroup ) for women (χ2 =5.768,P =0.012;χ2 =10.130,P =0.001).The frequency of rs4738687 GG genotype was more likely to be observed innon-liver cancer group than in liver cancer group (χ2 =4.403,P =0.041;χ2 =6.940,P =0.009).Theresults of gender stratification showed that there were significant differences in the distribution of rs 4738687among the HBV persistent infection groups for men (χ2 =10.697,P =0.030), however, there was nosignificant difference in the distribution of rs4738687 among the HBV persistent infection groups for women(χ2 =4.627,P =0.329), and there was no significant difference in the distribution of genotype frequencyand allele frequency among all groups(χ2 =0.489,P =0.792).There was no significant difference after sexstratification either (χ2 =1.282, P =0.526;χ2 =1.565,P =0.465) .Conclusions These findingssuggested that CYP7A1 gene polymorphism was related todifferent clinical outcomes in Fujian Hanpopulation.The rs3824260 mutation had a certain gender preference and the mutation allele was detected ina higher proportion in male patients.Male HBV patients with rs3824260 C allele had more chance ofswitching to rehabilitation.The rs4738687 was likely to be related to the occurrence of liver cancer in FujianHan population, and GG genotype may delay the occurrence and development of liver cancer especially in themale group.The rs8192871 was not found to be related to the different clinical outcomes of HBV infection.

Preliminary Study on Drug Susceptibility Profile and Resistance Mechanisms to Macrolides of Clinical Isolates of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria from China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Macrolide susceptibility and drug resistance mechanisms of clinical non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolates were preliminarily investigated for more accurate diagnosis and treatment of the infection in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four macrolides, including clarithromycin (CLAR), azithromycin (AZM), roxithromycin (ROX), and erythromycin (ERY), were used to test the drug susceptibility of 310 clinical NTM isolates from six provinces of China with the broth microdilution method. Two resistance mechanisms, 23S rRNA and erm, were analyzed with nucleotide sequence analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Varied effectiveness of macrolides and species-specific resistance patterns were observed. Most Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense were susceptible and all M. fortuitum were highly resistant to macrolides. All the drugs, except for erythromycin, exhibited excellent activities against slow-growing mycobacteria, and drug resistance rates were below 22.2%. Only four highly resistant strains harbored 2,058/2,059 substitutions on rrl and none of other mutations were related to macrolide resistance. G2191A and T2221C on rrl were specific for the M. abscessus complex (MABC). Seven sites, G2140A, G2210C, C2217G, T2238C, T2322C, T2404C, and A2406G, were specifically carried by M. avium and M. intracellulare. Three sites, A2192G, T2358G, and A2636G, were observed only in M. fortuitum and one site G2152A was specific for M. gordonae. The genes erm(39) and erm(41) were detected in M. fortuitum and M. abscessus and inducible resistance was observed in relevant sequevar.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The susceptibility profile of macrolides against NTM was demonstrated. The well-known macrolide resistance mechanisms, 23S rRNA and erm, failed to account for all resistant NTM isolates, and further studies are warranted to investigate macrolide resistance mechanisms in various NTM species.</p>

Effect difference between acupuncture and moxibustion for functional dyspepsia: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect difference between acupuncture and moxibustion for functional dyspepsia (FD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients with FD were randomized into an acupuncture group (29 cases with 1 rejecting) and a moxibustion group (27 cases with 3 dropping). The corresponding manipulations for 4 courses were applied at Zhongwan (CV 12) and Zusanli (ST 36) in the two groups, continuous 5 times as 1 course with 2 days between two courses, once a day and total 20 times. Leed's dyspepsia questionnaire (LDQ) and Nepean dyspepsia index (NDI) were tested before and after treatment, and safety was evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the total LDQ scores decreased in the two groups (both<0.01), with statistical different value between the two groups (<0.05). Upper abdominal pain, early satiety, epigastric burning in the acupuncture group were improved more obviously compared with those in the moxibustion group (all<0.01). The NDI scores in the two groups increased after treatment (both<0.01), without statistical different value before and after treatment (>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture and moxibustion are effective for FD and acupuncture shows superiority.</p>

Effect of air pollution on respiratory health in school-aged children in the main urban area of Chongqing, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of air pollution on respiratory health in school-aged children in the main urban area of Chongqing, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The main urban area of Chongqing was divided into polluted area and clean area according to the air pollution data shown on the Environmental Protection Agency Website of Chongqing between 2010 and 2015. A cluster sampling method was used to select 695 third- or fourth-grade children from 2 primary schools in the clean or polluted area as study subjects, with 313 children from the clean area and 382 children from the polluted area. Pulmonary function was examined for all children and a standard American epidemiological questionnaire (ATS-DLD-78-C) was used to investigate the prevalence of respiratory diseases and symptoms.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the clean area, the polluted area had significantly higher concentrations of inhalable particles (PM), fine particulate matter (PM), and nitric oxide (NO) (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed after adjustment for confounding factors, and the results showed that compared with those in the clean area, the children in the polluted area had significantly higher risks of cough (OR=1.644), cough during cold (OR=1.596), expectoration during cold (OR=2.196), persistent expectoration (OR=1.802), and wheezing (OR=2.415). The boys and girls in the clean area had significantly higher forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second than those in the polluted area (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Air pollution in the main urban area of Chongqing is associated with the increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms in school-aged children and has certain effect on children's pulmonary function.</p>

Study on the effect of single dose intraosseous injection of simvastatin on tumor vascular normalization in murine breast cancer / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of single dose intraosseous injection of simvastatin on tumor vascular structure and function in murine breast cancer. Methods BALB/c mice and 4T1 murine breast cancer cells were used to establish a subcutaneous xenograft model. The mouse model of orthotopic breast cancer received intraosseous injection of a single dose of simvastatin (50 μg) or vehicle only. Frozen tumor tissue sections were prepared for co-immunostained with CD31 andα-SMA. Evans blue dye was injected into the tail vein to observe the vascular permeability. The expression level of HIF-1αwas detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Immunofluorescence dual staining showed that intraosseous injection of simvastatin increased the number of perivascular pericytes in the tumor vessel(P < 0. 05), Evans blue dye content showed that in vivo vessel permeability in the tumor tissue was significantly decreased(P < 0. 05), and the immunohistochemistry results showed that local hypoxic area was significantly improved. Conclusions Single dose intraosseous injection of simvastatin can promote the normalization of tumor vasculature by improving the coverage of pericytes.